Joel Chandler Harris compiled a comprehensive memorial volume about you, including many of your significant speeches and writings. The concept of the ‘New South’ seems to be central to much of your public life. Could you share with us, what was the blueprint of the ‘New South’ in your heart? How did it fundamentally differ from the Old South?）
**亨利·W·格雷迪：** （他的眼神變得深邃，似乎回到了那個充滿挑戰與希望的時代。他緩步走到窗邊，望向窗外斑駁的光影，彷彿穿透了時空，看到了遠方的故土。一陣微風輕拂，書頁輕輕翻動，帶來一絲舊報紙特有的油墨香氣，這也是一種「光之逸趣」吧。）
在我的演講中，我曾提到：『There was a South of slavery and secession—that South is dead. There is a South of union and freedom—that South, thank God, is living, breathing, growing every hour.』這句話，就是『新南方』最核心的宣言。」
想像一下，我們將擁有『a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace—and a diversified industry that meets the complex need of this complex age.』這意味著我們將從單一的棉花種植轉向多樣化的農作物，更重要的是，我們將大力發展工業。我曾力勸我的同胞們，不要再將原物料運往北方，而是要在自己的土地上建立工廠，將棉花紡織成布料，將鐵礦煉成鋼鐵。這不僅能帶來經濟上的獨立，更能讓我們的人民擺脫貧困，過上更有尊嚴的生活。」
* **oligarchy** (ˈɒlɪɡɑːrki): 寡頭政治 (政府由少數精英或特權階層掌控)
* **diversified** (daɪˈvɜːrsɪfaɪd): 多元化的
* **industry** (ˈɪndəstri): 工業；產業
* **prosperity** (prɒsˈpɛrəti): 繁榮
* **dignity** (ˈdɪɡnɪti): 尊嚴
* **raw materials** (rɔː məˈtɪəriəlz): 原物料
* **plantation** (plænˈteɪʃən): 種植園
**文法分析：**
「a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace—and a diversified industry that meets the complex need of this complex age.」這個句型使用了並列結構，透過「a hundred X for every Y」和「fifty X for every Y」的對比
In your speeches in Boston and Dallas, you passionately articulated the importance of North-South reconciliation and national unity. This undoubtedly required immense courage, especially in the aftermath of the Civil War. How did you perceive the necessity of this reconciliation, and how did you overcome those deeply ingrained divisions and prejudices?)
**亨利·W·格雷迪：** （他微微一笑，眼中閃爍著堅定的光芒）「是的，這確實需要勇氣，但更需要智慧與同理心。我父親在戰爭中為南方捐軀，這份個人的傷痛讓我對南方的忠誠從未動搖。然而，我也深知，內戰的創傷必須被治癒，才能讓國家真正強大。
我說過：『The wounds of war healed in every heart as on every hill—serene and resplendent at the summit of human achievement and earthly glory—blazing out the path, and making clear the way up which all the nations of the earth must come in God’s appointed time!』我深信，美國的未來在於團結，而非分裂。我們必須放下過去的仇恨，將目光投向共同的繁榮與進步。我常在演講中提及林肯（Abraham Lincoln），稱他為『sum of Puritan and Cavalier』，因為他融合了南北雙方的優點，是我們共同的美國人典範。我的目標是讓南方人民明白，真正的愛國主義不僅是愛自己的故土，更是愛整個共和國。通過坦誠的對話，我試圖讓北方了解南方的困境與抱負，也讓南方看到北方對統一與自由的堅定信念。
must come in God’s appointed time!」
這句話使用了多個分詞短語和並列結構，如「healed in every heart as on every hill」（心靈與土地上的傷痕同時癒合）、「serene and resplendent」（寧靜而輝煌）、「blazing out the path, and making clear the way」（開闢道路，指明方向）。這些修辭手法營造了宏大而富有希望的語氣，展現了格雷迪演講中常見的詩意與感召力。
**克萊兒：** 「是的，您在演講中巧妙地運用了強烈的比喻和對比，將南北方的歷史與未來編織在一起，確實具有非凡的感染力。談到經濟發展，您不僅是倡導者，更是實踐者。您在《憲法報》的工作，以及您推動的各種展覽和企業，都顯示出您對南方經濟復甦的投入。您是如何將這種宏大的願景轉化為具體的行動，並說服人們參與其中的呢？」
(Indeed, your speeches masterfully wove together the histories and futures of the North and South through vivid metaphors and contrasts, which was truly captivating. Regarding economic development, you were not only an advocate but also a practitioner. Your work at the *Constitution*, and your promotion of various expositions and enterprises, demonstrated your deep commitment to the South's economic recovery.
我也鼓勵多元化農業，告訴農民不要只種棉花，要種植玉米、燕麥，養牲畜，實現自給自足，因為『When every farmer in the South shall eat bread from his own fields and meat from his own pastures, and disturbed by no creditor, and enslaved by no debt, shall sit amid his teeming gardens, and orchards, and vineyards, and dairies, and barnyards, pitching his crops in his own wisdom, and growing them in independence, making cotton his clean surplus, and selling it in his own time, and in his chosen market, and not at a master’s bidding—getting his pay in
cash and not in a receipted mortgage that discharges his debt, but does not restore his freedom—then shall be breaking the fullness of our day.』這句話描繪了獨立與繁榮的終極圖景，它觸動了人們內心深處對自由和尊嚴的渴望。
* **exposition** (ˌɛkspəˈzɪʃən): 博覽會
* **initiative** (ɪˈnɪʃətɪv): 倡議；開創性
* **self-sufficiency** (ˌsɛlf səˈfɪʃənsi): 自給自足
* **dignity** (ˈdɪɡnɪti): 尊嚴
* **teeming** (ˈtiːmɪŋ): 充滿的，豐富的
* **creditor** (ˈkrɛdɪtər): 債權人
* **mortgage** (ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ): 抵押
* **barnyard** (ˈbɑːrnjɑːrd): 穀倉場
**文法分析：**
「When every farmer in the South shall eat bread from his own fields and meat from his own pastures, and disturbed by no creditor, and enslaved by no debt, shall sit amid his teeming gardens, and
orchards, and vineyards, and dairies, and barnyards, pitching his crops in his own wisdom, and growing them in independence, making cotton his clean surplus, and selling it in his own time, and in his chosen market, and not at a master’s bidding—getting his pay in cash and not in a receipted mortgage that discharges his debt, but does not restore his freedom—then shall be breaking the fullness of our day.」
例如：「eat bread from his own fields and meat from his own pastures」強調自給自足；「disturbed by no creditor, and enslaved by no debt」強調經濟獨立；「pitching his crops in his own wisdom, and growing them in independence」強調自主權；「making cotton his clean surplus, and selling it in his own time, and in his chosen market, and not at a master’s bidding」強調商業自由。這種層層遞進的描寫，不僅使語言富有節奏感，更將抽象的「繁榮」概念具體化為農民的日常圖景，極具說服力。
**克萊兒：** 「您對經濟獨立的重視令人印象深刻，這也是許多現代社會依然面臨的挑戰。然而，格雷迪先生，您的著作也坦率地觸及了當時南方最為複雜和敏感的議題——種族問題。
(Your emphasis on economic independence is truly impressive, a challenge many modern societies still face. However, Mr. Grady, your writings also frankly address the most complex and sensitive issue in the post-Civil War South: the race problem. In your speeches, you advocated for 'white supremacy' and 'separate but equal' racial relations. Could you explain how, in your view, this reconciled with your broader vision of 'unity' and 'prosperity'?)
**亨利·W·格雷迪：** （他的臉色變得凝重，眼中閃過一絲時代的困惑與無奈。
正如我在達拉斯演講中所說：『This problem is to carry within her body politic two separate races, and nearly equal in numbers. She must carry these races in peace—for discord means ruin. She must carry them separately—for assimilation means debasement. She must carry them in equal justice—for to this she is pledged in honor and in gratitude. She must carry them even unto the end, for in human probability she will never be quit of either.
It explains that otherwise inexplicable thing—the fidelity and loyalty of the negro during the war to the women and children left in his care.
(I understand the immense challenges and pressures you faced at the time. Your emphasis on 'home' and 'local self-government' seems to have an inherent consistency with many of your other arguments, including resisting federal centralization and financial monopolies. How do you believe a strong and stable home and local community contribute to a nation's prosperity and liberty?)
**亨利·W·格雷迪：** （他眼中閃爍著溫暖的光芒，語氣也變得柔和起來。他看了一眼門外，彷彿有著一位孩童正等待著他的故事。）「啊，家庭！那是我生命中最溫暖的港灣，也是共和國最堅實的基石。
我認為，『The integrity of the State, its rights and its powers—these, maintained with firmness, but in loyalty—these shall yet, by lodging the option of local affairs in each locality, meet the needs of this vast and complex government, and check the headlong rush to that despotism that reason could not defend, nor the armies of the Czar maintain, among a free and enlightened people.』只有當每個社區都能自主管理自己的事務，每個家庭都能獨立自主，人民才能真正享有自由與尊嚴，國家才能避免走向專制與分裂。我的理想，是讓人民的家園成為自由的聖殿，讓公民的良知成為最好的政府保障。」
* **autonomy** (ɔːˈtɒnəmi): 自治
* **encroachment** (ɪnˈkroʊtʃmənt): 侵犯；蠶食
* **oligarchy** (ˈɒlɪɡɑːrki): 寡頭政治
* **despotism** (ˈdɛspətɪzəm): 專制主義
* **conscience** (ˈkɒnʃəns): 良知
* **bulwark** (ˈbʊlwərk): 堡壘
**文法分析：**
「The integrity of the State, its rights and its powers—these, maintained with firmness, but in loyalty—these shall yet, by lodging the option of local affairs in each locality, meet the needs of this vast and complex government, and check the headlong rush to that despotism
that reason could not defend, nor the armies of the Czar maintain, among a free and enlightened people.」這個句子使用了「these... these shall yet...」這種強調語氣，以及「maintained with firmness, but in loyalty」這樣對比的修飾，來表達州權在聯邦體制下的重要性。
(Your words are filled with firm belief in America's future and a clear awareness of its potential dangers. You often quote poetry and literature in your speeches, which imbues your language with poetic beauty and captivating power. What role do you believe literature and art play in public affairs? How do they influence people's thoughts and emotions?)
**亨利·W·格雷迪：** （他轉過頭，目光與我對視，眼中閃爍著熱情）「文學和藝術，它們是觸動人心的最佳途徑。理性固然重要，但沒有情感的共鳴，再深刻的道理也難以深入人心。詩歌、故事，它們能喚醒人們內心深處的記憶與渴望，將抽象的理念具象化。
* **eloquence** (ˈɛləkwəns): 雄辯
* **poetic** (poʊˈɛtɪk): 詩意的
* **captivate** (ˈkæptɪveɪt): 迷住
* **resonance** (ˈrɛzənəns): 共鳴
* **abstract** (ˈæbstrækt): 抽象的
* **concrete** (ˈkɒŋkriːt): 具體的
* **manifestation** (ˌmænɪfɛsˈteɪʃən): 表現；顯現
* **empathy** (ˈɛmpəθi): 同理心
* **philanthropy** (fɪˈlænθrəpi): 慈善
* **resilience** (rɪˈzɪliəns): 韌性
「我還記得，在一次關於慈善的演講中，我引用了喬治·艾略特（George Eliot）的一段話：『A human life should be well rooted in some spot of a native land where it may get the love of tender
kinship for the face of the earth, for the sounds and accents that haunt it, a spot where the definiteness of early memories may be inwrought with affection, and spread, not by sentimental effort and reflection, but as a sweet habit of the blest.』這句話完美地表達了人與故土、與家庭之間深厚的情感連結。
* **inwrought** (ɪnˈrɔːt): 鑲嵌的；深入骨髓的（在此處指記憶與情感的交織）
* **haunt** (hɔːnt): （思想、記憶）縈繞；（聲音、氣味）彌漫
* **benevolent** (bəˈnɛvələnt): 仁慈的
* **temperament** (ˈtɛmprəmənt): 性情；氣質
* **humor** (ˈhjuːmər): 幽默
* **pathos** (ˈpeɪθɒs): 悲情；感傷
**文法分析：**
「A human life should be well rooted in some spot of a native land where it may get the love of tender kinship for the face of the earth, for the sounds and accents that haunt it, a spot where the definiteness of early memories may be inwrought with affection
, and spread, not by sentimental effort and reflection, but as a sweet habit of the blest.」
**「a spot where the definiteness of early memories may be inwrought with affection, and spread, not by sentimental effort and reflection, but as a sweet habit of the blest.」**：另一個「where」從句，強調了故土如何將早年的回憶與感情交織（inwrought）在一起。
「inwrought」這個詞是個比較少見的過去分詞，意為「精工細作的；鑲嵌的」，在這裡用於描述記憶與情感的深度結合，非常形象。
「not by sentimental effort and reflection, but as a sweet habit of the blest」則強調了這種情感的自然流露，而非刻意的感傷。這展現了格雷迪對語言的精妙運用，以及他對情感和人性的深刻洞察。
**克萊兒：** 「格雷迪先生，您的一生雖然短暫，卻影響深遠。在您看來，如果時光能倒流，您最希望對您的時代，或是對未來的美國，說些什麼？」(Mr.
我會再次呼籲，『A mighty duty, sir, and a mighty inspiration impels every one of us to-night to lose in patriotic consecration whatever estranges, whatever divides. We, sir, are Americans—and we fight for human liberty.
正如我曾說：『I always bet on sunshine in America.』我對這個國家的未來充滿信心，因為我相信，上帝的旨意，是讓人類不斷朝著和平、繁榮和更廣闊的兄弟情誼邁進。願你們永保這份信念，繼續引領世界走向光明。」
* **citizenry** (ˈsɪtɪzənri): 全體公民
* **conscience** (ˈkɒnʃəns): 良知
* **demagogue** (ˈdɛməɡɒɡ): 煽動者
* **polarize** (ˈpoʊləraɪz): 使兩極分化
* **enduring** (ɪnˈdjʊərɪŋ): 持久的
* **fraternity** (frəˈtɜːrnɪti): 兄弟情誼
**克萊兒：** 「格雷迪先生，感謝您今天的分享。您的話語，無論是關於過去的挑戰，還是對未來的期許，都給予我們很多啟發。能與您這樣一位歷史的見證者和塑造者對談，對我們所有人來說，都是一次寶貴的學習機會。」(Mr. Grady, thank you for your sharing today.
It has been a precious learning opportunity for all of us to converse with a witness and shaper of history like yourself.)
隨著我的話音落下，書室中的光芒再次開始流轉。亨利·W·格雷迪向我們微微鞠躬，他的身影漸漸變得透明，最終融入了空氣中那溫暖而斑駁的陽光，只留下淡淡的舊書與咖啡的餘香，以及他那富有穿透力的聲音在書室中輕聲迴盪：「願光芒，永不熄滅。」
